Aspirantship

  Hussain Shaheed Suhrawardy (1956-1957) In 1956, the Awami League formed a coalition with Pakistan's  Republican Party  to unseat the previous government. Suhrawardy became the fifth  Prime Minister of Pakistan  and the second premier under the  1956 Constitution of Pakistan . Suhrawardy was known as a pro- American  politician . He also cultivated pragmatic ties with  Communist China . Suhrawardy supported the American-led  Southeast Asia Treaty Organization  (SEATO) and the  Central Treaty Organization  (CENTO) . He was not keen on  nonalignment  which was strongly pursued by neighboring India. In domestic policy, Suhrawardy addressed issues of  nuclear energy , foreign aid utilization, food policy, the One Unit framework, and building up the military. His staunchly pro-Western foreign policy was opposed by Bengali radicals led by Maulana Bhashani who caused a split in the Awami League. However, Suhrawardy...

  Introduction 2.        A Brief History of Constitutional Development 3.       Federalism under 1973 Constitution 4.       Constitutional Amendments 5.       The 18th Amendment to the Constitution 6.       Strengthening of the Parliamentary System of Pakistan 6.1.             Revoking Article 58(2)B (President = PM powers) 6.2.             Role of the Senate was also enhanced (23 senator from each province) 6.3.             Article 91(4) (cabinet member = responsible = Senate/NA) 6.4.             Article 89 (ordinance = X = in the absence of Senate/NA) 7.       Administrative Relations Between Centre an...

  Ayyub Khan and Bhutto, both aimed their policies and reforms for the betterment and stability of the socioeconomic climate of Pakistan. However not only the policies differed but the way they were implemented was also very different. The comparative analysis of reform and policies in both eras of Pakistan are discussed as follows. 1.        Administrative Reforms Ayyub Khan’s Policy Ayub came to power as a result of the martial law imposed by Iskandar Mirza, as he ousted Mirza and declared himself the president. Coming to power as a military chief Ayub wanted stability and wanted to give an impression of democracy hence, he formed a Basic Democrat System which served as the Electoral College for the president. However, he was also under the impression that Pakistan didn’t meet the basic pre-requisite of democracy which is an aware and literate population hence it was a luxury the nation couldn’t afford. So, Ayub started with the consolidation...